von Neumann architecture - where code and data are stored in the same unit
First Draft of a report on EDVAC (1945) - "contains the first published description of the logical design of a computer using the stored-program concept, which has controversially come to be known as the von Neumann architecture."
the transistor - bell labs, shockley semiconductor, fairchild semiconductor (and the "traitorous eight")
two of the traitorous eight formed Intel - Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore
machine language and assembly and COBOL and FORTRAN oh my